Traveling back to Nigeria with an expired passport might sound complicated, but for Nigerian citizens, the rules are surprisingly in your favor. In this guide, we’ll explain what the law says, what to expect at the airport, and how to make the journey home smoothly — even if your Nigerian passport has expired.
FG Policy: Nigerians Can Return Home With Expired Passports
As of December 2023, the Federal Government of Nigeria officially announced that Nigerians abroad can return home with expired Nigerian passports.
According to a directive issued by the Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS):
“All Nigerians returning home can be admitted into the country with their expired Nigerian passports… Airlines are advised to allow holders of expired Nigerian passports to board without restrictions.”
This policy aims to ease the process for Nigerians in the diaspora, especially those struggling to renew their passports before travel.
Is It Legal to Travel to Nigeria With an Expired Nigerian Passport?
Yes, it is 100% legal for Nigerian citizens to enter Nigeria with an expired Nigerian passport.
According to the Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS) and consistent with international aviation and border standards, a country cannot deny entry to its own citizens — regardless of whether their passport is expired.
This policy is also supported by many Nigerian embassies abroad, who confirm that Nigerian citizens cannot be turned back at the point of entry simply because their passport has expired.
What About Leaving the Country You’re In?
Here’s where it gets tricky. Airlines and foreign immigration authorities (especially in the U.S., U.K., Canada, or EU countries) may not allow you to board a flight with an expired passport, even if your destination is Nigeria.
You’ll likely need:
- A travel certificate (also known as an Emergency Travel Certificate or ETC) issued by the Nigerian embassy or consulate in your country of residence.
- A valid proof of Nigerian citizenship (expired passport + birth certificate or national ID).
The ETC is a one-way document that allows a Nigerian to return home without a valid passport.
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How to Get an Emergency Travel Certificate (ETC)
- Contact your nearest Nigerian embassy or consulate.
- Book an appointment (many require this in advance).
- Prepare required documents:
- Expired Nigerian passport
- Passport photographs
- Proof of citizenship (e.g., NIN slip, Nigerian birth certificate)
- Application form (provided by the embassy)
- Applicable fees (usually around $100 or local equivalent)
- Expired Nigerian passport
- Wait time: Usually issued within a few working days.
Arrival in Nigeria With an Expired Passport or ETC
When you arrive in Nigeria:
- The Nigeria Immigration Service will verify your citizenship.
- You may be questioned briefly, but you will be allowed entry.
- You’ll be advised to renew your passport while in the country.
No fine or penalty is charged for re-entry with an expired passport or ETC.
When This Policy Applies
You can travel with an expired Nigerian passport if:
- You are a Nigerian citizen by birth or naturalization.
- You are flying directly into Nigeria or transiting through countries that allow travel with expired documents (very rare).
- You have obtained an Emergency Travel Certificate from a Nigerian mission abroad.
Steps to Take Before Traveling With an Expired Passport
To ensure smooth travel, here’s a checklist of what to do:
- Contact the Nigerian Embassy or Consulate
- Ask if you need an Emergency Travel Certificate (ETC)
- Confirm requirements and processing times
- Ask if you need an Emergency Travel Certificate (ETC)
- Check Airline Policies
- Ensure the airline accepts expired Nigerian passports or ETCs
- Ask what supporting documents they need for boarding
- Ensure the airline accepts expired Nigerian passports or ETCs
- Carry Additional Proof of Citizenship
- Expired Nigerian passport
- Nigerian birth certificate
- National ID (NIN slip)
- Expired Nigerian passport
- Renew Passport If You Can
- While it’s legal to travel on an expired passport, a valid one avoids delays
- Start the renewal process early to avoid needing an ETC
- While it’s legal to travel on an expired passport, a valid one avoids delays
- Ensure Foreign Passport is Valid
- You must have a valid U.S., U.K., or other foreign passport for re-entry after your trip
Risks of Traveling With an Expired Passport
While Nigeria permits it, there are some risks to be aware of:
- Airline Denial: If the airline isn’t informed of the FG policy, they might refuse boarding.
- Delays at Immigration: You may face questions or processing delays if your documents are incomplete.
- Limited Return Options: You’ll likely need to renew your Nigerian passport before you can leave the country again.
When You Cannot Use an Expired Nigerian Passport
- If you’re not a Nigerian citizen (e.g., holding dual citizenship and trying to use the Nigerian passport as a visa).
- If you intend to transit through countries that don’t accept expired passports.
- If your expired passport is completely damaged or unreadable.
Pro Tip From a Frequent Traveler
If you’re abroad and your Nigerian passport expires, act fast:
- Book a consulate appointment early.
- Always keep a copy of your Nigerian passport, NIN slip, or birth certificate.
- Know your rights: No one can deny you entry into Nigeria as a citizen — not even immigration officers.
Frequently Asked Questions
Will I be deported for traveling with an expired Nigerian passport?
No, you will not be deported. As a Nigerian citizen by birth or naturalization, you cannot be denied entry into your own country, regardless of passport validity. Nigerian immigration officers may question you, but you have a constitutional right to return home. However, expect additional screening or documentation to confirm your identity.
Can I use my expired Nigerian passport to transit through another country?
Generally, no. Most countries will not allow travelers to board or transit with an expired passport due to international travel security protocols. If your route involves layovers or connecting flights in other countries, you may be denied boarding. To avoid this, book a direct flight to Nigeria or apply for an Emergency Travel Certificate (ETC) from the nearest Nigerian embassy or consulate.
Is there a fine for entering Nigeria with an expired passport?
No. The Nigerian Immigration Service does not impose fines or penalties for returning citizens arriving with expired passports. However, you may face delays at immigration checkpoints, and officials may ask for other proof of Nigerian citizenship, such as a National ID card, voter’s card, or birth certificate.
Can dual citizens use their expired Nigerian passport to enter Nigeria?
Yes, but it’s essential to understand how your second nationality’s rules apply. Some countries—like the U.S., Canada, and the U.K.—require citizens to enter and exit using their local passport. In such cases, you may present your foreign passport at departure and your expired Nigerian passport or Emergency Travel Certificate upon arrival in Nigeria. It’s always wise to consult both countries’ travel guidelines before departure.
What is an Emergency Travel Certificate (ETC), and how do I get it?
An ETC is a temporary one-way travel document issued by Nigerian embassies or consulates for citizens who need to return home urgently but have lost or expired passports. It’s valid only for entry into Nigeria and usually expires within 30 days. To get one, visit the nearest Nigerian embassy with proof of identity, photos, and a modest processing fee.
Can I renew my Nigerian passport at the airport when I arrive?
No, passport renewals are not handled at the airport. You can only renew your Nigerian passport at a Nigerian Immigration Service office once you’re in the country. If your passport has expired and you need to travel urgently, apply for an Emergency Travel Certificate before flying.
Final Thoughts
While you can legally return to Nigeria with an expired passport, getting back into your country of residence afterward will require a valid passport — so be sure to renew it as soon as possible once you’re back home.
